The Customer Analysis section of the business plan assesses the
customer segments that the company serves. In it, the company must 1)
identify its target customers, 2) convey the needs of these customers,
and 3) show how its products and services satisfy these needs.
The first step of the Customer Analysis is to define exactly which customers
the company is serving. This requires specificity. It is not adequate to say the
company is targeting small businesses, for example, because there are several
million of these types of customers. Rather, the plan must identify precisely
the customers it is serving, such as small businesses with 10 to 50 employees
based in large metropolitan cities on the West Coast.
Once the plan has clearly identified and defined the company's target
customers, it is necessary to explain the demographics of these customers.
Questions to be answered include: 1) how many potential customers fit the given
definition? is this customer base growing or decreasing? 2) what is the average
revenues/income of these customers? and 3) where are these customers
geographically based?
After explaining customer demographics, the plan must detail the needs of
these customers. Conveying customer needs could take the form of past actions
(X% have purchased a similar product in the past), future projections (when
interviewed, X% said that they would purchase product/service Y) and/or
implications (because X% use a product/service which our product/service
enhances/replaces, then X% need our product/service).
The business plan must also detail the drivers of customer decision-making.
Sample questions to answer include: 1) Do customers find price to be more
important than the quality of the product or service? and 2) are customers
looking for the highest level of reliability, or will they have their own
support and just seek a basic level of service?
There is one last critical step in the Customer Analysis -- showing an
understanding of the actual decision-making process. Examples of questions to be
answered here include: 1) will the customer consult others in their
organization/family before making a decision?, 2) will the customer seek
multiple bids? and 3) will the product/service require significant operational
changes (e.g., will the customer have to invest time to learn new technologies?
will the product/service cause other members within the organization to lose
their jobs? etc.).
It is essential to truly understand customers to develop a successful
business and marketing strategy. As such, sophisticated investors require
comprehensive profiles of a company's target customers. By spending the time to
research and analyze your target customers, you will develop both enhance your
business strategy and funding success.
As President of
Growthink Business Plans, Dave Lavinsky has helped the company become one of
the premier business plan development firms. Since its inception, Growthink has
developed over 200 business plans. Growthink clients have collectively raised
over $750 million in financing, launched numerous new product and service lines
and gained competitive advantage and market share.
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